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Zhu Xuan
Zhu Xuan (朱瑄〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 182.〕〔''History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 13.〕〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 255.〕 or 朱宣〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 188.〕〔''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 42.〕) (d. 897) was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who, from 882 to 897, controlled Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong) as its military governor (''Jiedushi''). He formed a power bloc with his cousin Zhu Jin, who ruled neighboring Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong), and subsequently, they, along with their ally Shi Pu the military governor of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), engaged in a lengthy war with their former ally Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) that ravaged the countryside. By 897, all three had been defeated, and Zhu Xuan was captured and executed by Zhu Quanzhong.
== Background ==
It is not known when Zhu Xuan was born, but it is known that he was from Xiayi (下邑, in modern Suzhou, Anhui). As of 882, he was serving under Cao Cunshi (曹存實) the military governor of Tianping Circuit, when Cao was killed in battle when Tianping came under attack by Han Jian the military governor of neighboring Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei). Zhu took over the defense of Tianping's capital Yun Prefecture (鄆州) after Cao's death and was able to prevent it from falling to Han. Then-reigning Emperor Xizong thereafter made Zhu the acting military governor.〔〔All of the biographies in the official histories of Tang Dynasty (the ''Old Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'') and the succeeding Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (the ''History of the Five Dynasties'' and the ''New History of the Five Dynasties'') gave accounts that indicated that Zhu had previously served at Pinglu Circuit, but as the chronologies they gave conflicted with each other, stated improbably that Zhu had served under Wang Jingwu (who did not become the military governor of Pinglu until 882), and confused Cao Cunshi with several other military figures at the time also surnamed Cao, the chronology and account of the ''Zizhi Tongjian'' will largely be followed here.〕
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